A Theology of Democracy

See-Judge-Act

A theology of democracy is an approach that examines democratic principles and practices through a religious or theological lens. When we speak of democratic principles, we refer to all human rights—the right to medical services, clean water, housing, food, and fair and just labor. The life of Joseph Cardijn, Albert Nolan, Louis Putz, and those who formed the documents of Vatican II all understood these rights in the context of a theology of democracy. A theology of democracy explores how religious beliefs and values can inform, support, or critique democratic systems.  As we evolve in the era of autonomous technology (AI), a theology of democracy will be vital to understanding the greater good for the common good of all human beings on the planet and help us to understand our purpose so we may prosper.

There is a line in the sand between democracy and authoritarian rule. Using the See-Judge-Act method will help us understand what is on both sides of that line and the drivers of both sides' causes.

It's important to note that a theology of democracy is not to be confused with liberation theology. While they may share some common ground, they are distinct theological approaches. Let's delve into a concise comparison to ensure clarity and understanding.

Liberation Theology:

• Emerged in Latin America in the 1960s and 1970s

• Focuses on social and economic justice for the poor and oppressed

• Interprets Christian faith through the perspective of the marginalized

• Often associated with Marxist analysis of societal structures

• Emphasizes active participation in changing unjust social systems

Theology of Democracy:

• Rooted in principles of individual rights and freedoms

• Focuses on the compatibility between democratic values and religious beliefs

• Emphasizes the importance of pluralism and tolerance in society

• Supports separation of Church and state while maintaining religious influence in public life

• Often associated with Western liberal democratic traditions

The critical difference is that liberation theology is primarily concerned with the economic and social liberation of the oppressed. In contrast, a theology of democracy focuses more on political systems and individual freedoms that should drive economic and social liberation.

Let's now focus on the critical aspects of a theology of democracy, as understanding these fundamental principles is key to our enlightenment and knowledge in this field.

1. Divine sovereignty and human agency: How do we develop a theology of democracy perspectives that confronts and tries to balance the understanding of God's sovereignty with human free will and political self-determination?

2. Human dignity and equality: In studying history's religions, we see that religious teachings about the inherent worth of all individuals often align with democratic ideals of equality and universal suffrage.

3. Stewardship and responsibility: Our theology of democracy understands democratic participation as a form of stewardship, where citizens are responsible for the well-being of their communities and nations. We see Joseph Cardijn and others leading this concept by example.

4. Justice and the common good: From the beginning of recorded religious ideas, religious concepts of justice and working toward the common good have been compatible with democratic principles; we see this in the Sermon on the Mount and, most significantly, the social teachings and encyclicals.

5. Pluralism and religious freedom: A theology of democracy often addresses how different faith traditions can coexist within a democratic system while maintaining religious liberty. The key is learning and growing together for a common purpose. For Christians, this is the Kingdom of Heaven here and now.

6. Prophetic critique: Some theological approaches emphasize the role of religion in providing a moral guidance of government actions and policies. As in all prophets, when engaging the See-Judge-Act method, the ACT will cause us to speak up and speak out.

7. Subsidiarity: This principle, found in Catholic Social Teaching, suggests that matters should be handled at the most local level possible, which can align with democratic decentralization.

8. Covenant and social contract: Theologians and historians draw parallels between religious covenants and the social contract theory underlying many democratic systems.

9. Liberation theology: This approach, particularly prominent in Latin America, is often misunderstood in the United States because it sees democracy as empowering the poor and marginalized.

10. Secularism and separation of Church and state: A theology of democracy must often address the proper relationship between religious institutions and democratic governance. Religious traditions and denominations may approach these themes differently, leading to varied theologies of democracy.

Key takeaways to think about and discuss with your working groups, reading groups, and organizations:

1. The See-Judge-Act method, developed by Cardijn, is a powerful tool that encourages individuals to observe social realities, make judgments based on Christian principles, and take appropriate action. This method promotes active citizenship and critical thinking, crucial for democratic participation. It's a structured approach that guides individuals in understanding the social context, evaluating it from a moral perspective, and then taking action to address any injustices or inequalities. Please think of how this technique can improve what we do, live, and behave in the context of a theology of democracy.

2. Cardijn founded the Young Christian Workers (YCW) movement to empower young workers. The YCW emphasized the dignity of work and workers' rights, which aligns with democratic ideals of equality and social justice. This movement played a significant role in promoting democratic values within the context of the Church and society. Think of ways to engage with labor unions and other worker rights movements. How is the YCW evolving in different countries, and how does it contribute to promoting democratic principles?

3. Lay Apostolate: Cardijn strongly believed in the role of lay people in the Church and society. This emphasis on the importance of non-clergy mirrors democratic principles of citizen participation. How do we get the laity to understand they are the church fully?

4. Social Engagement: Cardijn encouraged Christians to actively participate in social and political issues, consistent with democratic civic engagement ideals.

5. Human Dignity: Cardijn's teachings centered on the inherent dignity of every person, particularly workers. This principle aligns with democratic principles of equality and human rights. What drives the suppression of human dignity and why? What role do greed, power, and entitlement play?

6. Education and Empowerment: Cardijn focused on educating and empowering young workers, giving them tools to understand and engage with social and political realities. Where is the constraint, the core problem in our educational process?

It's worth noting that Cardijn's work took place in the context of Catholic Social Teaching, which was evolving to engage more directly with modern political and economic systems. His contributions influenced the Church's approach to social issues, as articulated in documents like "Gaudium et Spes" from the Second Vatican Council.

"The apostolate must not be thought of as "religion"; but a life of charity in all phases of daily behavior is the objective to be achieved." ~ Louis J Putz CSC (1909-1998)